HEALTHNET

What is collagen?

(Posted on 6 September 2007)

Q1. What is collagen?

A1. Collagen is an animal protein that has been used as glue for thousands years. The protein is produced by a type of cell known as fibroblasts. Collagen acts as the important support structure in tissues around which cells live and function. It is one of the major proteins present in the skin, giving its shape and elasticity.

Like all other proteins, collagen is made up of chains of amino acids arranged together. The physical property of the collagen molecule is related to the unique assortment and arrangement of certain types of amino acids, such as glycine and proline. Collagen molecules function as molecular cables, which are twisted into fibrils and then further bundled up into fibers.

Collagen is a major structural protein in the body. There is no organ or tissue which does not have collagen in the human body. Collagen supports tissues and internal organs, and helps them to connect to the bones. Collagen has great tensile strength, and is the main component of cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bone and teeth.

Since collagen is present in most animal tissues, it is an important source of dietary protein. After ingested, collagen is digested and absorbed as individual amino acids. Nevertheless, there is no scientific basis for claims that collagen based dietary supplements can improve the appearance of your skin.

Q2. How can we prevent the loss of collagen?

A2. As we get older, collagen in the skin diminishes. But there is more to do with ageing than the loss in collagen. Much of the process is genetically determined and mediated through a gradual shift in the balance of hormones. There is little we can do about this "biological ageing" when the time comes.

Ageing of the skin can be accelerated by the exposure to adverse environments. Ultraviolet rays, pollution, strong winds, smoking, harsh weather and dryness can all cause early skin ageing. Unlike biological ageing, these environmental causes can be prevented.

Avoid direct exposure to the sun is the single most important thing you can do to prevent early skin ageing. Free radicals from ultraviolet light exposure can damage collagen strands and stimulate collagenase (an enzyme that breaks up collagen) activity. Use sunscreen whenever you are spending time outdoors. Also try to walk in the shade and wear protective clothing.

Smoking causes narrowing of the blood vessels and decreases oxygen supply to the skin, hence contribute to the loss of collagen. Repeated direct exposure to the heat and smoke of cigarettes can also cause damage to the skin on the face.

Vitamin C is a co-factor in the production of collagen. Without adequate Vitamin C, fibroblasts cannot do their job. Having more fresh fruits would ensure enough intake of vitamin C from natural sources. Keeping your skin well hydrated with a good moisturizer (not necessarily expensive) would also protect your skin against loss of collagen and early skin ageing.

Q3. Some cosmetic products claim that they contain collagen. Can collagen be absorbed through skin?

A3. Specialized cells called fibroblasts produce protein collagen at the exact place where a molecular cable is needed. To serve its role as a structural protein, the molecule must be in the right place and arranged in the right manner.

Collagen has been used in cosmetic surgery, mainly in the form of local injections to fill up caved in scars, but better alternatives are available these days. There is no mechanism for the skin to absorb collagen if applied externally.

It doesn't mean that there is no place for anti-wrinkle skin creams.

Retinol is a vitamin A compound with antioxidant properties that can neutralize free radicals. Exfoliants are substances that can remove the upper layer of old, dead skin and stimulate the growth of smooth. These chemicals have been prescribed by dermatologist to treat early skin ageing for suitable patients. Like all effective medications, they carry risks and side effects. For example pregnant women should avoid taking retinol (as well as other vitamin A derivatives) as it can cause birth defects. Most over-the-counter products sold as cosmetics or those supplied in beauty stores haven't undergone scientific research to prove their effectiveness, and they are subjected to less scrutiny than prescribed medications by the government.

Source: Quality HealthCare