HEALTHNET

Common Diseases in Young Children - Eczema

Eczema is a chronic illness that is not curable, but it can be controllable with appropriate care.

(Posted on 1 February 2007)

Eczema is a common skin disease characterized by itching and reddening (erythema). It also can be found in children with asthma or rhinitis, but is not contagious. The peak age is from 2-6 months old to 2-3 years old.

Symptoms:

Erythema, dry, itchy, swelling etc. may occur on young children's face, wrists and joints.

Treatment:

Based on the skin's conditions:

1. Dryness
   Often oil based agents like emulsifying ointment are used as soap and water based agents like aqueous cream are used as moisturizer to keep the skin from dryness. Frequent application is recommended.
2. Itchiness
   Avoid contacting perfumed soaps. Antihistamines are prescribed to relieve itchiness and insomnia which was induced by itchiness.
3. Inflammation
   At acute stage, appropriate application of topical corticosteroid is important in disease progression. It can be gradually reduced and switched to a less potent steroid preparation like hydrocortisone, fluocinolone etc. once the condition is stable.
4. Infection
   Over scratching may lead to infection. Consult a doctor for oral or topical antibiotic treatment.

Others:

1. Keep the skin clean and moist. Don't bathe longer than 15 min. Warm water is preferred for bathing. Otherwise, the skin will become very dry.
2. Alkaline or perfumed soaps are not recommended. Application of moisturizer will help to protect the skin from dryness.
3. Apply steroid cream first and wait for 20 min before applying other creams.
4. Choose clothing made of pure cotton.

Eczema is a chronic illness that is not curable, but it can be controllable with appropriate care. About 70% of the cases will recover during adolescence. So parents do not need to be too pessimistic.

Source: Drug Education Resources Centre, The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Hong Kong

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